Why Does My Dog Keep Sneezing? Understanding the Causes and Remedies

A dog’s sense of smell is one of their most important senses, and their nose is a highly complex and specialized organ. The nasal cavity is divided into two parts, each with its own functions.

The front part of the nasal cavity, also known as the vestibule, is responsible for filtering and warming the air before it reaches the lungs. This area contains specialized cells called olfactory receptors that are responsible for detecting different scents. The olfactory receptors are highly sensitive and can detect odors in very low concentrations.

The back part of the nasal cavity is responsible for directing air to the lungs and contains the turbinates, which are bony structures covered in a highly vascularized tissue that helps to warm and humidify the air. This area also contains the sinuses, which are air-filled spaces that help to lighten the skull and provide resonance for vocalizations.

The nasal septum separates the two sides of the nasal cavity, and the nostrils are the openings that allow air to enter and exit the nose. The nasal cavity is lined with a thin layer of mucus, which helps to trap foreign particles and prevent them from entering the lungs.

Normal vs. Abnormal Sneezing

Sneezing is a normal reflex in dogs, just as it is in humans. Dogs may sneeze occasionally to clear their nasal passages or as a response to irritants such as dust, pollen, or other allergens. However, persistent or excessive sneezing can be a sign of an underlying health issue.

Normal sneezing in dogs is typically infrequent and doesn’t interfere with their daily activities. It’s often a quick, single sneeze and doesn’t require any treatment.

Abnormal sneezing in dogs, on the other hand, is persistent or excessive and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as discharge from the nose or eyes, coughing, or lethargy. If your dog is sneezing frequently, it’s important to take note of any other symptoms they may be experiencing.

To determine if your dog’s sneezing is abnormal, pay attention to how often they’re sneezing and the severity of the sneezes. If your dog is sneezing multiple times per hour or is having forceful, violent sneezing fits, it’s likely that their sneezing is abnormal and requires further investigation. Additionally, if you notice any changes in your dog’s behavior, appetite, or energy levels, it’s important to seek veterinary care to rule out any underlying health issues.

Common Causes of Sneezing in Dogs

Sneezing in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors, both benign and serious. Here are some of the most common causes:

Allergies

Just like humans, dogs can develop allergies to a variety of substances, including pollen, mold, dust, and certain foods. Allergic reactions can cause inflammation in the nasal passages, leading to sneezing, runny nose, and other symptoms.

Foreign bodies

Dogs are curious creatures, and they often explore the world around them with their noses. Unfortunately, this can sometimes lead to foreign objects getting lodged in their nasal passages, causing irritation and sneezing. Common objects include grass, plant material, and small toys.

Nasal infections

Bacterial or viral infections in the nasal passages can cause inflammation and irritation, leading to sneezing, nasal discharge, and other symptoms. Common infections include kennel cough, canine influenza, and bacterial rhinitis.

Dental problems

Dental issues such as periodontal disease or abscessed teeth can cause infections in the nasal passages, leading to sneezing and other symptoms. If your dog has bad breath or has difficulty eating, it’s important to have their teeth and gums checked by a veterinarian.

Tumors

While rare, tumors in the nasal passages can cause sneezing, nasal discharge, and other symptoms. Tumors may be benign or malignant, and prompt veterinary care is necessary to properly diagnose and treat the issue.

Irritants

Exposure to irritants such as smoke, perfumes, or cleaning products can cause irritation in the nasal passages, leading to sneezing and other symptoms.

It’s important to note that these are just a few of the most common causes of sneezing in dogs. If you’re concerned about your dog’s sneezing or any other symptoms, it’s important to seek veterinary care to properly diagnose and treat the issue.

Less Common Causes of Sneezing in Dogs

While the most common causes of sneezing in dogs are usually benign, there are some less common causes that can be more serious. Here are some less common causes of sneezing in dogs:

Canine influenza

Canine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory infection that can cause sneezing, coughing, and other symptoms. It’s important to keep your dog up to date on their vaccinations to prevent this disease.

Distemper

Distemper is a serious viral infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, including sneezing. It can also lead to neurological symptoms and other health issues. Vaccination is the best way to prevent distemper.

Kennel cough

Kennel cough, also known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection that can cause sneezing, coughing, and other symptoms. It’s commonly spread in places where dogs are in close proximity to one another, such as boarding kennels or dog parks.

Fungal infections

Fungal infections in the nasal passages can cause sneezing, nasal discharge, and other symptoms. These infections are usually caused by exposure to contaminated soil or other organic matter.

Parasites

Parasites such as nasal mites can cause irritation and inflammation in the nasal passages, leading to sneezing and other symptoms. These parasites are more common in puppies and in dogs that spend time outdoors.

It’s important to remember that while these causes are less common, they can still occur and can be serious. If you’re concerned about your dog’s sneezing or any other symptoms, it’s important to seek veterinary care to properly diagnose and treat the issue.

Diagnosing the Cause of Sneezing in Dogs

If your dog is experiencing abnormal sneezing or other symptoms, it’s important to seek veterinary care to properly diagnose the underlying cause. Here are some of the most common methods used to diagnose the cause of sneezing in dogs:

Physical examination

A physical examination is usually the first step in diagnosing the cause of sneezing in dogs. During this exam, your veterinarian will examine your dog’s nose, mouth, and throat for any signs of inflammation, infection, or other issues.

Diagnostic tests

Your veterinarian may recommend additional diagnostic tests to help identify the cause of your dog’s sneezing. These tests may include:

• Rhinoscopy: This procedure involves inserting a small camera into the nasal passages to examine the area for any abnormalities or foreign objects.
• Culture and sensitivity testing: This test involves taking a sample of nasal discharge and sending it to a laboratory to identify the specific bacteria or fungus causing the infection.
• Blood tests: Blood tests can help identify underlying health issues or infections that may be causing your dog’s sneezing.
• Skin testing: If allergies are suspected, your veterinarian may recommend skin testing to identify the specific allergens that are causing your dog’s symptoms.

Imaging tests

Imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans may be recommended if your veterinarian suspects that there may be a foreign object or tumor in your dog’s nasal passages.

Laboratory tests

Laboratory tests such as a complete blood count or a biochemical profile can help identify underlying health issues or infections that may be causing your dog’s sneezing.

It’s important to work closely with your veterinarian to determine the underlying cause of your dog’s sneezing and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment Options for Sneezing in Dogs

The treatment for your dog’s sneezing will depend on the underlying cause of the symptoms. Here are some of the most common treatment options for sneezing in dogs:

Medications

Medications are often used to treat sneezing in dogs. These may include:

• Antibiotics: If your dog has a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to help clear up the infection.
• Antihistamines: Antihistamines may be used to treat allergies that are causing your dog’s sneezing.
• Steroids: Steroids may be used to reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and help relieve symptoms.
• Decongestants: Decongestants may be used to help reduce congestion and open up the nasal passages.

Surgery

In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat the underlying cause of your dog’s sneezing. This may include removing a foreign object or tumor from the nasal passages.

Alternative therapies

Alternative therapies may be used in conjunction with traditional treatments to help relieve your dog’s sneezing symptoms. These may include:

• Acupuncture: Acupuncture may help reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and relieve sneezing symptoms.
• Herbal remedies: Certain herbal remedies may help reduce inflammation and relieve sneezing symptoms in dogs.
• Nasal irrigation: Nasal irrigation can help flush out the nasal passages and reduce inflammation.

It’s important to work closely with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate treatment plan for your dog’s sneezing based on the underlying cause of the symptoms.

Preventing Sneezing in Dogs

While it may not be possible to completely prevent sneezing in dogs, there are steps you can take to help minimize the risk of your dog experiencing sneezing symptoms. Here are some tips for preventing sneezing in dogs:

Maintaining good hygiene

Maintaining good hygiene can help prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses that can cause nasal infections in dogs. Make sure to regularly clean your dog’s bedding, toys, and food and water bowls, and bathe your dog regularly to keep them clean and healthy.

Avoiding allergens

If your dog is prone to allergies, it’s important to identify and avoid potential allergens that may be triggering their symptoms. This may include certain foods, environmental allergens such as pollen or dust, or certain household products.

Regular visits to the vet

Regular visits to the vet can help identify and address any potential health issues before they become more serious. Make sure to schedule annual checkups for your dog and notify your veterinarian if you notice any changes in your dog’s behavior or health.

When to See a Veterinarian

If your dog is experiencing frequent or persistent sneezing, it’s important to seek veterinary care. While occasional sneezing is normal, persistent or severe sneezing can be a sign of a more serious underlying health issue.

Here are some signs that you should seek veterinary care for your dog’s sneezing:

• Persistent sneezing: If your dog is sneezing frequently or for an extended period of time, it may be a sign of an underlying health issue.
• Discharge: If your dog’s sneezing is accompanied by nasal discharge, it may be a sign of a bacterial or viral infection.
• Loss of appetite: If your dog is experiencing a loss of appetite in addition to sneezing, it may be a sign of a more serious health issue.
• Behavioral changes: If your dog is exhibiting changes in behavior such as lethargy or restlessness, it may be a sign of an underlying health issue.

Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause of your dog’s sneezing is important for their overall health and well-being. If left untreated, certain conditions can progress and become more serious over time.

Home Remedies for Sneezing in Dogs

While it’s important to seek veterinary care for persistent or severe sneezing in dogs, there are some home remedies that may help alleviate mild symptoms. Here are some home remedies for sneezing in dogs:

Humidifiers

Using a humidifier in your home can help moisten the air and reduce irritation in your dog’s nasal passages, which can help alleviate sneezing symptoms. Make sure to clean your humidifier regularly to prevent the growth of bacteria or mold.

Saline nasal sprays

Saline nasal sprays can help moisten your dog’s nasal passages and reduce irritation, which can help alleviate sneezing symptoms. Make sure to use a saline nasal spray that is specifically formulated for dogs, as human nasal sprays can be harmful to dogs.

Steam therapy

Steam therapy can help loosen mucus and reduce irritation in your dog’s nasal passages, which can help alleviate sneezing symptoms. You can create steam therapy by running a hot shower and allowing your dog to sit in the bathroom for 10-15 minutes.

Herbal remedies

Certain herbal remedies, such as chamomile or peppermint, may help alleviate mild sneezing symptoms in dogs. However, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian before using any herbal remedies, as some herbs can be harmful to dogs.

While these home remedies may help alleviate mild sneezing symptoms in dogs, it’s important to seek veterinary care if your dog’s symptoms persist or become more severe. Your veterinarian can help determine the underlying cause of your dog’s sneezing and provide appropriate treatment.

Preventing Secondary Infections

Sneezing in dogs can make them more susceptible to developing secondary infections, such as bacterial or viral infections. These infections can be serious and even life-threatening, so it’s important to take steps to prevent them. Here are some tips for preventing secondary infections in dogs:

Seek veterinary care

If your dog is sneezing, it’s important to seek veterinary care as soon as possible. Your veterinarian can determine the underlying cause of your dog’s sneezing and provide appropriate treatment. This can help prevent secondary infections from developing.

Maintain good hygiene

Maintaining good hygiene is important for preventing secondary infections in dogs. This includes keeping your dog’s environment clean and washing your dog’s bedding and toys regularly. It’s also important to regularly clean your dog’s nose and face to remove any discharge that may be present.

Avoid exposure to other sick dogs

If your dog is sneezing, it’s important to avoid exposing them to other sick dogs. This can help prevent the spread of secondary infections, which can be easily transmitted from dog to dog.

Boost your dog’s immune system

Boosting your dog’s immune system can help prevent secondary infections from developing. This includes providing your dog with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and access to clean water. Your veterinarian may also recommend supplements or medications to help support your dog’s immune system.

Understanding the Importance of Vaccinations

Vaccinations are an important part of keeping your dog healthy and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Vaccines work by stimulating your dog’s immune system to produce antibodies that can protect them from specific diseases. Here are some reasons why vaccinations are so important for dogs:

Prevention of infectious diseases

Vaccinations can help prevent a wide range of infectious diseases in dogs, including some that can cause sneezing. For example, the Bordetella vaccine can help protect against kennel cough, which is a common cause of sneezing in dogs. By keeping your dog up-to-date on their vaccinations, you can help prevent them from getting sick and spreading diseases to other dogs.

Cost-effective

While the cost of vaccinations may seem high initially, it is much less expensive than the cost of treating a serious disease. Vaccinations are a cost-effective way to keep your dog healthy and avoid costly veterinary bills in the future.

Legal requirements

In many states, certain vaccinations are required by law. For example, most states require dogs to be vaccinated against rabies. By keeping your dog up-to-date on their vaccinations, you can avoid legal issues and ensure that your dog is protected.

Protects against zoonotic diseases

Some infectious diseases that can affect dogs, such as rabies and leptospirosis, can also be transmitted to humans. By vaccinating your dog against these diseases, you can help protect your family and others from becoming infected.

Conclusion

Sneezing in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from allergies and foreign bodies to more serious conditions such as tumors and infectious diseases. It’s important to monitor your dog’s sneezing and seek professional help if you notice any abnormal patterns or symptoms.

If your dog is experiencing sneezing, your veterinarian can perform a physical exam and run diagnostic tests to identify the underlying cause. Treatment options may include medications, surgery, or alternative therapies, depending on the cause of the sneezing.

In addition to seeking professional help, there are steps you can take to help prevent sneezing in dogs. Maintaining good hygiene, avoiding allergens, and keeping your dog up-to-date on their vaccinations can all help prevent sneezing and other health issues.

Remember, early diagnosis and treatment are key to keeping your dog healthy and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. By staying vigilant and working with your veterinarian, you can help keep your furry friend happy and healthy for years to come.

FAQs

What can I do to prevent my dog from sneezing?

It’s not always possible to prevent sneezing in dogs, but there are a few things you can do to help minimize the occurrence. Keeping your dog away from irritants such as dust, pollen, and other allergens can help reduce sneezing. Additionally, keeping your dog up-to-date on their vaccinations and maintaining good hygiene can also help prevent infections that may lead to sneezing.

Can sneezing be a symptom of a serious condition in dogs?

Yes, sneezing can be a symptom of a serious condition in dogs, such as respiratory infections, allergies, nasal tumors, and foreign objects lodged in the nasal passages. If your dog’s sneezing is accompanied by other symptoms such as coughing, nasal discharge, or difficulty breathing, it’s important to have them evaluated by a veterinarian.

Can my dog catch a cold from me?

It’s unlikely for dogs to catch a cold from humans, as the viruses that cause colds in humans are typically different from those that affect dogs. However, dogs can still catch respiratory infections from other dogs or animals, so it’s important to keep them away from sick animals and have them vaccinated against common respiratory illnesses.

Is there anything I can do at home to help my dog stop sneezing?

If your dog is sneezing due to allergies or irritants, you can try to minimize exposure to the triggers by keeping your dog indoors during times of high pollen count, using air filters or air conditioning to remove allergens from the air, and regularly cleaning your dog’s bedding and living areas. You can also try using a humidifier to help moisten nasal passages and soothe irritation.

How often should I take my dog to the vet for check-ups?

The frequency of veterinary check-ups can vary depending on your dog’s age, health status, and medical history. Generally, it’s recommended to take your dog to the vet for a check-up at least once a year, but more frequent visits may be necessary for puppies, senior dogs, or dogs with chronic health conditions. Your veterinarian can advise you on the appropriate schedule for your individual dog.